Abstract
Methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) is the most common treatment for opioid-dependent pregnant women worldwide. Despite its widespread use, MMT is associated with a variety of adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in exposed offspring, particularly cognitive impairments. The neurobiological abnormalities underlying these cognitive impairments are, however, poorly understood. This is, in part, due to a lack of animal models that represents the standard of care that methadone is administered in the clinic, with inconsistencies in the timing, doses and durations of treatment. Here we describe the characterisation of a clinically relevant rat model of MMT in which the long-term behavioural and neurobiological effects of prenatal methadone exposure can be assessed in adolescent offspring. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were treated orally with an ascending methadone dosage schedule (5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 mg/kg/day), self-administered in drinking water prior to conception, through
Although recent drug policy documents use language such as âpathwaysâ and âprogressionâ to a drug-free lifestyle, many MMT recipients who took part in the study felt methadone left them âtrapped in a cycle that did not lead to progress or changeâ.
âHeld hostageâ
The majority of participants felt MMT had a positive impact on their lives in at least one respect, including increased stability, the opportunity to rebuild family relationships and less contact with the criminal justice system as they did not have to steal to feed their addiction.
But this was almost always juxtaposed with the feeling that MMT prevented users from moving forward.