Constitutionally required in, cases for federal and state courts. Evangelista ramos was convicted of seconddegree murder when only 10 of 12 jurors found him guilty. At that point under louisiana law unanimous juries were not required but since the louisiana has passed a law requiring unanimous juries but does not apply retroactively to his case. He was sentenced to life in prison without parole. The Louisiana Supreme Court denied him a review. This is about an hour. In case 185924, ramos versus louisiana. Mister fisher. Mister chief justice, may it please the court. This court reaffirmed the wellsettled rule that Incorporated Provisions of the bill of rights applied the same way to the state as they apply to the federal government. Taking that as a given the state does not defend Justice Powells pivotal vote. That flouted president at the time and since been relegated to nothing but isolated relic of an abandoned doctrine. The states only defense in support of the judgment below, the s