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Background and Overview In April 2009, the UNHCR issued a 35-page booklet entitled “UNHCR Eligibility Guidelines for Assessing the International Protection Needs for Asylum-Seekers from Eritrea”. UNHCR further published the second Guidelines on 20 April 2011.  This 37-page document was essentially a replica of the first publication in terms of format, language and substantive contents albeit few, insignificant and inconsequential, updates. UNHCR’s purported purpose in issuing these guidelines was to “assist decision-makers, including UNHCR staff, Governments and private practitioners in assessing the protection needs of Eritrean asylum-seekers”. The organization flaunted these guidelines as “authoritative legal interpretations of the refugee criteria in respect of specific groups on the  basis  of objectively assessed social,  political,  economic,  security,  human rights and humanitarian conditions in the country of origin concerned”. It further asserted tha

Ma akelEritrea generalSemenawik eyih bahriUnited statesUnited kingdomAl qahirahMinistry of educationAmanat al asimahHanish islandsAl udaydahMelles zenawiSunni islamReintegration programmeCommittee of expertsInstitute of scienceProclamation on national service