author of the kennedy half century. professor, thanks so much for joining us. i want to get your immediate thoughts about the race. it was so much tighter than polls in the last two weeks had showed. what were your takeaways from it? well, you know, one of my takeaways is i m going to rely less on polling averages in the future. the polling average was 7%. mcauliffe was supposed to have a 7% cushion. i think that s what most people were expecting. i have to say this, though. the private mcauliffe surveys, which were done by one of nbc s pollsters, he always had it two, three, four points. i don t think they were necessarily expecting a margin as big as the public polling suggested. but your earlier description was absolutely correct. why did the incumbent attorney general, who won almost 59% four years ago, end up falling short