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Coronavirus is studded with spike proteins that it uses to enter human cells. Covid-19 vaccines work by teaching the immune system to make antibodies to the spike protein. Researchers in Germany have developed a detailed model of the spike protein to identify potential target sites on its surface for the antibodies. They said previous models have not shown the flexibility of the spike protein or the movements of the protective glycans – which they describe as chains of sugar molecules – that coat it. The team, from the Max Planck Institute of Biophysics in Frankfurt, said the glycans help the virus evade a person’s immune system by moving back and forth in a motion they likened to car windscreen wipers.

Mateusz sikoraMax planck institute of biophysicsMax planck institute