Armies and security services doubtlessly bear primary responsibility for the military coups in Sudan, as they do in the other Arab countries that have been subjected to military coups. They are also primarily responsible for the dictatorial regimes created by these coups. With that, they had many partners, especially within party and cultural circles. After doing everything they could to undermine the old civilian regimes that had only been established a few years prior, they advocated for the coups, and their military elements took part in them.