Sodium-ion batteries have been touted as a sustainable alternative to lithium-ion batteries because they are powered by a more abundant natural resource. However, sodium-ion batteries have hit a s .
Sodium-ion batteries have indeed been heralded as a sustainable alternative to lithium-ion batteries since they are driven by a more abundantly available resource.
The commercialisation of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has gradually reformed people's daily life since the 1990s. Compared with other cathode candidates, the Ni-rich ternary cathode materials have been continuously developed due to their high energy density and lower price. However, the fast capacity fading and poor thermal stability still restricted the applications of Ni-rich cathodes. In this regard, a comprehensive understanding of the failure mechanism and corresponding modification strategies need to be raised urgently.
This thesis will firstly introduce the working mechanism of LIBs and different cathode material categories. Secondly, the Li/Ni mixing, which mainly induce the capacity fading of the Ni-rich cathode materials, will be schematically reviewed. The origin of the Li/Ni mixing has been attributed to (i) the similar bonding environments and ionic radius of Ni2+ and Li+, (ii) relieving magnetic frustration, (iii) reducing system entropy and (iv) lower Ni2+ migration