A new systematic review has investigated the impact of L-carnitine supplementation on muscle bioenergetics and its potential as an antioxidant in physically active individuals.
of the women s singles skating competition. joining us is the ceo of the u.s. anti-doping agency, travis tygart, a legend, a towering figure in the anti-doping movement, and also cnn sports analyst christine brennan, a towering figure in her own right. travis, i want to start with you. you told the new york times, there s a trifecta of substances found in this skater s system. explain what you mean by that. yeah, well, the document that was out there is that she declared not only l-carnitine, which we saw in the nike oregon case and found a violation, but also hypoxen. and importantly, those two by themselves are not prohibited, but then of course the positive for the tmz. and those three are all aimed at increasing performance and helping reduce stamina, tiredness, oxygen carrying capacity. it s pretty incredible a 15-year-old would have those three declared as one positive, but the other two that she was
let s break down the three substances for you because we re all learning a lot about these three items. the first one, the main one, trimetazidine, that is the one that valiyeva tested positive for. she took the test on christmas day and we didn t learn until last week she tested positive for it. this is a banned substance. it would enhance endurance, the story given by the russians and valiyeva s team her grandfather was taking the medication and somehow it ended up in her system. the other two hypoxen and l-carnitine are not banned substances. hypoxen, according to valiyeva s mother, used to treat heart variations in her 15-year-old daughter. the united states anti-doping agency says they actually tried to ban the drug in 2017 because they believed it would have performance enhancing qualities but it is not banned. l-carnitine is a supplement usually taking orally but if
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