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General background Niger is located in a geopolitical sensitive area in Africa: linking the Sahara desert with the Sahel, as well as West with Central Africa. This land-locked country not only accommodates a large number of refugees from neighboring countries but is also a major transit hub for migratory movements northwards to Algeria, Libya and the shores of the Mediterranean Sea toward the European Union (EU). As Niger is signatory of the treaty of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) and its protocols, citizens of most neighboring countries enjoy freedom of entry and movement within the country. Although there is no reliable statistical data, it is estimated that more than 60 percent of all migrants crossing through Libya and then Central Mediterranean transit through Niger, with Agadez being the main stop over on the migrants route, followed by Dirkou on the road to Sebha in Libya and Arlit on the road to Tamanrasset in Algeria. In fact, following the effecti

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