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A very powerful personality, Kaunda made the landlocked Zambia a major player in African and global politics for almost three decades. The last of eight children, Kaunda was born in Chinsali, Northern Rhodesia, on October 24, 1924. His father was a Presbyterian missionary teacher and his mother the first qualified African woman teacher in the country. Following his parents’ profession, he became a head teacher before his 21st birthday, after which he moved to teach in Tanganyika (Tanzania) where he became a lifelong admirer of President Julius Nyerere whose “Ujamaa” brand of African Socialism he tried to emulate. Returning home, Kaunda took up politics full-time, serving as Secretary General of the Northern Rhodesian African National Congress (NRANC) before being jailed two months with hard labour for distributing “subversive literature”. Upon his release, he took a more active role in politics with resultant jail terms.

South africaUnited kingdomSouth africanNorthern rhodesiaFrederick chilubaMainza chonaJulius nyerereMaina soko military medical centreInternational monetary fundNorthern rhodesian african national congressUnited national independence partyKenneth david kaundaCentury african nationalismPresident julius nyerereAfrican socialismSecretary general