The "hawala" system relies on a trusted network of transfer agents to make payments outside the banking system and operates largely without leaving a paper trail.
DUNKIRK, France (Reuters) - When Kaiwan Hussein, a 26-year-old from Iraqi Kurdistan, arrived in Germany on Nov. 23 after he slipped across the European Union border from Belarus, he sent a one-word WhatsApp message to his brother back home saying “OK.”
When Kaiwan Hussein, a 26-year-old from Iraqi Kurdistan, arrived in Germany on Nov. 23 after he slipped across the European Union border from Belarus, he sent a one-word WhatsApp message to his brother back home saying “OK.”
When Kaiwan Hussein, a 26-year-old from Iraqi Kurdistan, arrived in Germany on 23 November, after he slipped across the European Union border from Belarus, he sent a one-word WhatsApp message to his b.