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In 3,000 B.C. the first true urban centers in the world were in Afghanistan. In 2,000 B.C. the city of Kabul was established. From 522 B.C. to 652 A.D., the area experienced the Persian, Greek and Buddhist cultures. In 652 A.D. the Arabs introduced Islam to Afghanistan and by 962 A.D. Afghanistan became the center of Islamic power and civilization. Invasions and internal revolts continued until 1747 but Afghanistan prevailed as a great Muslim empire.
The first of three Anglo-Afghanistan wars occurred in 1836 when Britain invaded and lost. The second Anglo-Afghan war was when Britain invaded again in 1878 and lost. The third Anglo-Afghan war was in 1921 when the British attacked and were again defeated.