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By Alice Gorman, Associate Professor in Archaeology and Space Studies, Flinders University Sixty years ago, Russian cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin became the first human to travel in space when he completed his historic orbit of Earth on April 12, 1961. It was an extraordinary achievement, but created a dilemma for a world embroiled in the Cold War. Gagarin’s spaceflight heralded a vision of a unified planet. However, in the battle between communism and capitalism, space technology was also a weapon to demonstrate the superiority of one political system over the other. The Soviet Union was winning the battle. In 1957, it orbited the first satellite with Sputnik 1. Two years later, the Luna 2 probe was the first human artefact to make contact with the Moon. In February 1961 the Russians launched the Venera 1 probe towards Venus.

United statesNew south walesUnited kingdomRepublic ofAustralian capital territoryGeorge burchettJohn ecclesAnthony purdyMark oliphantRobert menziesHenryf jensenWilfred burchettHarry messelShannon walkerYuri gagarinCommittee of foreign cultural relations