harper and specifically dealt with north carolina and some redistricting issues, but the bigger overarching issue had to do with what is known as the independent state legislature theory. and the idea that the state legislatures were partisan one way or another, and they cannot operate unchecked by state checks. the states do have a role within the elections. and it was a 6-3 ruling with the chief justice john roberts writing the ruling. we will go over to joan b biscupic when the case was