then as the carbon dioxide and the air hits 400 parts per million for the first time in human history, instead of reducing reliance on fossil fuels, we will look at the controversial practice of geo- engineering, the deliberate altering of the earth to decrease the level of greenhouse gas emissions. burgeoning commercial engagement and geo-engineering is creating a lobby with an interest in more research and eventually deployment. tois naturally predisposed argue that pursuing admission cuts is unrealistic or politically impossible. therefore geo-engineering is a sensible alternative. we will speak to the author of earthmasters: the dawn of the age of climate engineering. we will go to seattle where our teachers and students are celebrating a victory. high school students there will no longer have to conduct standardized tests in reading and mathematics. we will speak with a history teacher at garfield high school. all that and more coming up. welcome to margaret c now.