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The aquaculture industry should concentrate on cultivating simpler species with less welfare and environmental threats, such as seaweeds and bivalves like oysters, mussels, and clams.
According to Franks, intelligent creatures such as octopus should not be farmed at all.
Over the last few decades, the global aquaculture industry has risen to a size of $250 billion (£182 billion). Aquaculture has been criticized for detrimental effects such as deforestation, reliance on wild fish for feed, and overuse of antibiotics. It was described as a response to the exploitation of wild fish stocks.
According to the report, health should be taken into account as well. Fish have long-term memory, can solve challenges, work with other animals, and sense discomfort, contrary to popular opinion. Octopuses and other cephalopods can solve puzzles, traverse mazes, and open jars. Crayfish display emotional behavior, such as fear and tension, and spiny lobsters have advanced navigati
Farmed fish suffer pain and stress, says report that criticises welfare failings theguardian.com - get the latest breaking news, showbiz & celebrity photos, sport news & rumours, viral videos and top stories from theguardian.com Daily Mail and Mail on Sunday newspapers.