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National Alliance, Italian Alleanza Nazionale, formerly (1946–94) Italian Social Movement or Italian Movimento Sociale Italiano (MSI), former nationalist anticommunist political party of Italy. Historically, some of its members held neofascist views. The MSI was formed in 1946 by supporters of former Italian leader Benito Mussolini from elements of the defunct Uomo Qualunque (Average Man) Party that had appeared in 1945. It first contested elections in 1948, when it won six seats in the Chamber of Deputies. From the 1950s to the early ’70s it averaged about 25 deputies. Moderates, initially worried about the MSI’s success, sometimes relied on MSI votes which