from the industry, and we all need to embrace it, and embrace this change. the technology s there, but if it doesn t get employed and deployed, then it s not going to work. thank you. kristian? yeah, i think accepting - what is happening on that side, as henry mentions, is crucial. and then an aspect that. i would emphasise as well is that we have to look at wasting energy - as unacceptable. we can t waste energy in any form of action. i so when the energy is. going to be challenging to harvest at large scale, we re solving parts - of harvesting as much energy as we can in good ways, - and then we have - to use that energy as efficiently as possible. and before we open it up to questions, danielle, when it comes to the threat that climate change presents to us, who is going to do the heavy lifting? is it going to be the engineering or is it going to be the individuals? i think the biggest changes will happen at the country level. there s going to be a need
where it s in existence and then use production of hydrogen or fuels and power gas fired turbines if we need them. if they can fill the gap for winter power, for instance, in the uk where we use the stored hydrogen, use that as a power source. so it s traditional power stations, but using green hydrogen as the power source. thank you. i m going to look for another question in the room here at the v&a. hi, my name is shivika from imperial college. i just want to know about the future regarding the airborne wind turbines. what do you think that in the near term there is a future for airborne because google investing in airborne wind turbine system, we ve seen one first wind turbine system in germany. so what is the future of that technology? so, we ve had land, we ve had sea and now we re asking about air turbines. i m fascinated to hear the answer to this. for those who haven t heard about this concept the airborne based wind farms, are essentially like kites or tethered aeroplane
cells on top of each other. and the perovskite we tune to match perfectly silicon. it absorbs only the visible light and we let the silicon absorb all the infrared. and in doing that we actually fundamentally improve the efficiencies. if we made a perfect perovskite on silicon tandem cell, that would top out at about 45%. so we ve fundamentally lifted the ceiling. and if we went one step further to anotherjunction, triple junction, three junctions, that would top out at just above 50%. so what perovskite does is lift the ceiling for potential efficiency and gives us a new path forward to go to higher and higher efficiency. so, i mean, substantial gains in efficiency here. how close is this really to being a real technology? is this now, or this is far flung future? this is very near term. you can t go out today and buy perovskite solar cells, but we re building a production line at the moment. we re talking about next year, the first cells and modules
use that as a power source. so it s traditional power stations, but using green hydrogen as the power source. thank you. i m going to look for another question in the room here at the v&a. hi, my name is shivika from imperial college. i just want to know about the future regarding the airborne wind turbines. what do you think that in the near term there is a future for airborne because google investing in airborne wind turbine system, we ve seen one first wind turbine system in germany. so what is the future of that technology? so, we ve had land, we ve had sea and now we re asking about air turbines. i m fascinated to hear the answer to this. for those who haven t heard about this concept the airborne based wind farms are essentially like kites or tethered aeroplanes that are released up into the very high atmospheres, essentially at a very high altitude. they circulate and move around in the sky and generate electricity
will be in production, and start to be deployed in the world. so this is all fantastic, this is state of the art technology and engineering that is market ready or nearly market ready. so is the message i should get that you are going to gallop to my rescue when it comes to climate change? that i can carry on with my life as i always have, and everything is going to be fine, because the engineers are going to sort it all out? henry, i want to start with you. is that what i should be taking away from this? that is not what you should be taking away, but you should feel encouraged that there can be solutions. but we all need to. it s a challenging road ahead. there s a lot of scale that needs to happen from the industry, and we all need to embrace it, and embrace this change. the technology s there, but if it doesn t get employed and deployed, then it s not going to work. thank you. kristian?