In Land We Trust: Establishing the Kahoʻolawe Island Reserve
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Kahoʻolawe has experienced vastly different uses over its history, from natural oasis and ancient Hawaiian settlement, to penal colony, ranch lands, and military bombing range. In May 1994, title to the island of Kahoʻolawe was transferred from the United States Navy to the State of Hawaiʻi through the recently established Kahoʻolawe Island Reserve Commission (KIRC). This victory came after decades of community activism against environmental destruction and growing wishes to reclaim Native Hawaiian access to and stewardship of the island.