make themselves successful against the backdrop of segregation in america, and i think that they thought if they could fight their way into the headlines adam clayton powell and church politics of america and the u.s. congress, sammy davis jr., night clubs in the 1940 s and 50 s and than sugar ray robinson as a pure championship athlete. host: i think we are bad teaching history in this country and oftentimes the civil rights movement is taught as if it spawned the fourth from the head of dr. king in the mid-1950s as if there wasn t groundwork laid before then. and in all three men as well you see evidence of that ground work. and the idea of we are going to challenge racism in ways that may be will inspire people and the unintended consequences if you will and to take it to sugar ray robinson you have a brilliant chapter in the book about the experience in the u.s. army and comparing and contrasting his demeanor as i believe a corporal in the u.s. army with experienc