now have either been shut down or blocked. it is the kremlin that dominates the information space in russia today. as russian troops withdraw from areas of ukraine, the scale of violence and rape it is alleged that they have inflicted on women and girls, is beginning to emerge. the theme of violence and rape used as a weapon in war is sadly common to all conflicts. an international studyjust published, estimates that around 70 per cent of women and children refugees experience sexual violence. but because the war in ukraine is still ongoing, ukrainian testimonies are not yet included. associate professor cathy vaughan from the university of melbourne is one of the authors of the report. she spoke about the challenges of gathering data. it is very difficult to get quantitative data on the prevalence of violence against women who are fleeing