unconditional cash grandparents. exactly. we hear that question all the time, are you worried that families will squander the money? and i will take a step back and literature previous to our study does not support that. families who get a windfall tend to spend it in much the same way that higher income families do. so it s no surprise that we are not seeing differences in spending on adult vices, like tobacco. and we should say that there is a battle politically over this. how much do we know about how plastic, the infants brain is in this moment of development? the spectrum of development that could happen that early on? sure. well, as a nurse and as a pediatrician i can speak to the fact that early childhood as a heightened period of sensitivity to the environment. we already know that children s brains are extremely malleable