The main drivers of basin-wide sea-level extremes in the Red Sea are wind variations over the southern part of the sea, according to research on the relative contributions of surface winds and atmospheric pressure on sea-level rises in the Red Sea.
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The Arabian Peninsula is one of the world’s driest places, hence understanding how climate change may alter local rainfall patterns is critical. According to data comparisons, changes in winter rainfall over the peninsula throughout the 1980s have now been connected to an ocean-atmospheric phenomenon affecting sea surface temperatures in the central Pacific and westerly jet streams arriving from North Africa.
Warmer waters in the central tropical Pacific in recent decades have led to shifts in atmospheric wind jets, bringing more winter rainfall to the east..