Bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 (BVDV-1) of the pestivirus genus is an economically crippling virus in the cattle industry; this positive RNA virus causes mucosal disease resulting in reproductive losses and other disease syndromes. The pathogenesis mechanism of the disease caused by BVDV infection is not well understood; for a better understanding of in vivo host BVDV-1 interactions, we conducted a transcriptomic study of infected cells at different times post-infection. We compared the permissiveness and cellular response of a BVDV-1 cytopathogenic strain on Madin-Darby Bovine Kidney cells (MDBK) and bovine lung primary cells, a model closer to in vivo infection. Then a RNAseq analysis was realized on the infected bovine lung primary cells, at 10 hpi and 30 hpi (hours post-infection), to identify transcriptomic signatures. RNAseq analysis on BVDV-1 infected bovine primary cells showed 2,759 and 5,376 differentially expressed genes at respectively 10 hpi and 30 hpi with an absolute Fold