Richard frank there is a moral threat that weaves through my talk today. Start with the first. Literature on the occupation of japan from 19451952 generally treats it as a great triumph, or at least an overall success, if flawed. But that literature is overwhelmingly concentrated on political, economic, and social issues. In my judgment, that literature underlies what is the most critical moment of the occupation, the first year when the occupations fate hung by a thread in the face of two humanitarian crises, one epidemic diseases, and the second is spamming. The occupation was led by Douglas Macarthur whose title was Supreme Commander of the allied powers. His command was known by that to the occupation. The ward had disrupted in degraded japans Public Health. Malnutrition had rendered the entire population more susceptible to diseases. 6. 5 million japanese personnel and civilians were being repatriated to the homeland. They were all potential carriers of deadly infections. The situ