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Two new studies report results with adjuvant chemotherapy in older patients with stage 3 colorectal cancer; those who can tolerate it have better outcomes.
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IMAGE: Levels of damage to A. thaliana leaves after exposure to S. litura larvae raised under conditions that did or did not sterilize their oral secretions. The asterisk indicates a statistically. view more
Credit: Professor Gen-ichiro Arimura, Tokyo University of Science
Although insect larvae may seem harmless to humans, they can be extremely dangerous to the plant species that many of them feed on, and some of those plant species are important as agricultural crops. Although plants cannot simply flee from danger like animals typically would, many have nonetheless evolved ingenious strategies to defend themselves from herbivores. Herbivorous insect larvae will commonly use their mouths to smear various digestive proteins onto plants that they want to eat, and when plants detect chemicals commonly found in these oral secretions, they can respond to the injury by producing defensive molecules, including proteins and specialized metabolites, of their own that i
Certain chemicals can activate the innate defense mechanisms of plants, and researchers at the Tokyo University of Science are working on ways to use such chemicals as alternatives to harmful agricultural pesticides. These researchers have found that a compound derived from menthol can boost the expression of defense-related genes in soybeans, corn, peas, and other crop species. This finding may pave the way to green agricultural technologies that shield crops from pests while minimizing damage to the environment.