Siddiqi, Khan, Chandir); IRD Pakistan (
Ali, Munir, Shah, Chandir); Harvard Medical School (
Khan, Chandir) There is.a programmatic and research gap regarding strategies to improve immunization coverage and timeliness in low-literacy communities through cost-effective, sustainable solutions that.focus on transforming caregivers from passive to active recipients of immunization services. Evidence indicates that suboptimal immunisation coverage and timeliness is attributable not only to supply-side deficiencies, but also to demand-side problems such as caregiver complacency, forgetfulness, and unawareness of required number and timing of doses. Globally, a widely used method to communicate the vaccination schedule to caregivers is the paper-based immunisation card. Like immunisation cards, which require literacy, reminder-recall (R/R) interventions requiring mobile phone ownership fail to penetrate the lowest socioeconomic strata, thus widening the global immunisation equity gap