1 photograph : albumen print on card mount ; mount 74 x 105 mm (carte de visite format) | Photograph shows Capt. Rufus D. Pettit's Battery, 1st New York Light Artillery in uniforms with cannons at an artilery battery at Fort Richardson, at Quarles House, near Fair Oaks, Virginia. (Source: similar photograph in the Eastman Museum: www.eastman.org/collections)
During the period of Japanese emigration to other countries, Japanese diplomatic establishments abroad recommended that Japanese immigrants adopt local customs and manners so as to avoid friction with local inhabitants. This photograph illustrates the assimilation of Japanese emigrants. Japanese emigration to Brazil began in 1908, and reached its peak in 1926 35. Following the abolition of slavery in Brazil in 1888, the government of Brazil looked to immigrants to address a labor shortage in the increasingly important coffee industry. European immigrants, particularly Italians, filled the gap at first, but were later joined by immigrants from Japan, where rural poverty was widespread and the economy was struggling to modernize and to reabsorb soldiers returning after the Russo-Japanese War (1904 5).
L'Indo-Chine française contemporaine (French Indochina today) is a comprehensive study of French Indochina, a second edition of which was published in Paris in 1885. The work is in two volumes, each with two parts, covering what at that time were the four regions of French Indochina: Cochinchina (the extreme southern part of present-day Vietnam), Cambodia, Tonkin (the northern part of Vietnam), and Annam (central and southern Vietnam except for the area occupied by Cochinchina). Presented here is volume two, which is devoted to the Protectorate of Tonkin (part III) and the Kingdom of Annam (part IV). Part III begins with a long history that touches on the overall French involvement in Vietnam, but which concentrates on Tonkin, only recently made a French protectorate. Successive chapters provide detailed treatments of the expedition to Tonkin of Francis Garnier in 1873, Henri Laurent Rivière's seizure of the citadel of Hanoi in 1882, the ensuing war between French and Vietn