and similarly, how did president eisenhower decide to call in the united states army to little rock and to federalize the arkansas national guard? now, we re going to answer those questions. the first thing to do is to put this in context, so i m going to ask our historians, both carol and david, to do that right now. and that is to say, as i look at this time period with truman and eisenhower, it struck me that two wars really frame the civil rights movement and the interaction and the response of the presidents, so if you would, david, actually, carol, if you would, talk to me about truman and at that time where we were as a nation and while this world war ii, these african-americans coming back after world war ii started to make a difference in how people thought about civil rights. when you think about it, the second world war was an amazing war because it was the war against the nazis. it was a war where both roosevelt and churchill had issued the atlantic charter, and