On the macro front, a survey released on Monday showed that despite the energy crisis and high inflation, the economic outlook for Germany, Europe's largest economy, has improved, with German business confidence rising more than expected in December to support the euro and put some pressure on the safe-haven dollar.
The Bank of Japan unexpectedly adjusted its yield volatility range and its government bond yields spiked, while the US dollar was affected and fell. The market interpreted Japan's action as a signal for tightening monetary policy.
SHANGHAI, Dec 19 (SMM) - On the macro front, the US Federal Reserve raised the federal funds rate by 50 basis points to a 15-year high of 4.25-4.5%, and reiterated that it is "probably" appropriate to continue raising interest rates.