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Glucose monitoring and glucose lowering agents for children and young people with type 2 diabetes: summary of updated NICE guidance

### What you need to know Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in children and young people (aged under 18 years) is a more aggressive disease than in older adults and is associated with higher risk of severe long term and potentially life threatening complications (eg, cardiovascular disease, renal disease) compared with other types of diabetes. The worldwide prevalence and annual incidence of T2DM in children and young people is increasing,1 and the National Paediatric Diabetes Audit (NPDA) of England and Wales from 2019-20 showed a prevalence and incidence of 4.5 and 1.7 per 100 000 people 15 years and younger, respectively, and 222 new diagnoses.2 Over the past three years, prevalence has increased by one third, and many children and young people with T2DM are not currently receiving care from paediatric diabetes teams.3 Children and young people who are living with obesity, are of ethnic minority background, and reside in the most deprived areas of the UK, are at increased risk of h

Referral criteria and assessment for bariatric surgery: summary of updated NICE guidance

### What you need to know Until this year, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) had recommended bariatric surgery as a treatment option for people with a body mass index (BMI, weight (kg)/(height (m)2) of ≥40, or with a BMI of 35-39.9 with a significant obesity-related comorbidity, only if all non-surgical interventions had been tried first and the person was receiving management in a tier 3 service. New NICE guidelines now recommend that these groups of people should be offered a comprehensive assessment for bariatric surgery without the requirement for all non-surgical interventions to have been tried first, or for patients to already be under the management of a tier 3 service. The guidelines also provide an evidence-based list of significant health conditions that can be improved by bariatric surgery, which will help clinicians make decisions about who to offer an assessment to, and recommendations on what the assessment for surgery should include. This

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