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The industrial Internet of Things (IIoTs) network life is shortened due to sensor node (SN) energy limitations and computational capability. As a result, optimum node location estimation and efficient energy usage are two critical IIoT requirements. This work reduces energy consumption by performing node localization and cluster-based routing using an improved evolutionary algorithm called Cat Swarm Optimization (CSO). First, the CSO method is used to optimize the bio-inspired node's location. Second, to conserve SN energy in the IIoT network, a cluster-based routing technique is used. The objective function is defined as minimizing the average distance between the cluster and its SNs while selecting the most energy-efficient Cluster Head (CH). In terms of fitness value, the Improved CSO (ICSO) algorithm outperforms the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm. In this paper, real-time test-bed analysis was used to investigate the performance of both node localization and energ

Cat swarm optimizationCluster headParticle swarm optimizationBio inspiredGreen cities