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As the demand for cultural and recreational services grows, the mismatch between the supply and demand of park services significantly affects residents’ well-being. Optimizing the spatial layout of park services is a focal point of urban park and green space research. Taking Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, as a case study, this research analyzes the spatial patterns and balance of park service supply and demand. Utilizing the Grey Wolf Optimization Model optimized by the K-Nearest Neighbor Model (GWO-KNN), this study proposes construction objectives for optimizing park services. The results indicate the following: (1) significant differences exist in the park service demands of residents in different residential environments; (2) there is a noticeable spatial disparity in park service supply among various residential areas with an overall positive correlation between park service supply levels and resident demands, yet an imbalance exists; (3) this study categorizes spatial types in

Xixi national wetland parkModel for optimizing park service levelsPark service demand evaluationAnalysis of park service demand levelsEvaluation of park service levelsPark service levelsAnalysis of park service disparitiesCoordination for park service level optimization strategyAnalysis of park service supply levelsZhongyan technology co ltdPark service levelWuchaoshan national forest parkParticle swarm optimizationSpatial syntaxLocation allocation modelsSimulated annealing