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Observational evidence shows the ubiquitous presence of ocean-emitted short-lived halogens in the global atmosphere1–3. Natural emissions of these chemical compounds have been anthropogenically amplified since pre-industrial times4–6, while, in addition, anthropogenic short-lived halocarbons are currently being emitted to the atmosphere7,8. Despite their widespread distribution in the atmosphere, the combined impact of these species on Earth’s radiative balance remains unknown. Here we show that short-lived halogens exert a substantial indirect cooling effect at present (−0.13 ± 0.03 watts per square metre) that arises from halogen-mediated radiative perturbations of ozone (−0.24 ± 0.02 watts per square metre), compensated by those from methane (+0.09 ± 0.01 watts per square metre), aerosols (+0.03 ± 0.01 watts per square metre) and stratospheric water vapour (+0.01

United statesUnited kingdomAtlantic oceanGlobal ozone researchClimate model initiativeCommunity earth system modelGlobal monitoring laboratoryCommunity atmosphere modelCommunity earth system model versionRepresentation of the community earth system modelVon glasowOzone depleting substancesScientific assessmentOzone depletionNorth atlanticGlobal ozone monitoring