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Alzheimer s treatment roadblocks can be eased

<p>Widespread availability of effective disease-modifying therapies would be a breakthrough in slowing the progression of early-stage Alzheimer&rsquo;s disease. While there is substantial geographic variation across the U.S. to diagnose and treat early-stage Alzheimer&rsquo;s disease with such therapies, engaging primary care providers in the effort may be a key to accelerating delivery of emerging new treatments, a study finds.</p>

Multilevel modeling of geographic variation in general practice consul by Thomas Astell-Burt, Michael A Navakatikyan et al

Abstract Objective: To test relatively simple and complex models for examining model fit, higher-level variation in, and correlates of, GP consultations, where known nonhierarchical data structures are present. Setting: New South Wales (NSW), Australia. Design: Association between socioeconomic circumstances and geographic remoteness with GP consultation frequencies per participant was assessed using single-level, hierarchical, and multiple membership cross-classified (MMCC) models. Models were adjusted for age, gender, and a range of socioeconomic and demographic confounds. Data Collection/Extraction Methods: A total of 261,930 participants in the Sax Institute s 45 and Up Study were linked to all GP consultation records (Medicare Benefits Schedule; Department of Human Services) within 12 months of baseline (2006-2009). Principal Findings: Deviance information criterion values indicated the MMCC negative binomial regression was the best fitting model, relative to an MMCC Poisson eq

Differential geographic patterns in song components of male Albert s l by Fiona Backhouse, Anastasia H Dalziell et al

Geographic variation in bird song has received much attention in evolutionary studies, yet few consider components within songs that may be subject to different constraints and follow different evolutionary trajectories. Here, we quantify patterns of geographic variation in the socially transmitted “whistle” song of Albert's lyrebirds (Menura alberti), an oscine passerine renowned for its remarkable vocal abilities. Albert's lyrebirds are confined to narrow stretches of suitable habitat in Australia, allowing us to map likely paths of cultural transmission using a species distribution model and least cost paths. We use quantitative methods to divide the songs into three components present in all study populations: the introductory elements, the song body, and the final element. We compare geographic separation between populations with variation in these components as well as the full song. All populations were distinguishable by song, and songs varied according to the geo

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