Objective To determine whether the combined use of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors is associated with a decreased risk of major adverse cardiovascular events and serious renal events compared with either drug class alone among patients with type 2 diabetes, and to assess the effect of the combination on the individual components of major adverse cardiovascular events, heart failure, and all cause mortality.
Design Population based cohort study using a prevalent new-user design, emulating a trial.
Setting UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink linked to Hospital Episode Statistics Admitted Patient Care and Office for National Statistics databases.
Participants Two prevalent new-user cohorts were assembled between January 2013 and December 2020, with follow-up until the end of March 2021. The first cohort included 6696 patients who started GLP-1 receptor agonists and added on SGLT-2 inhibitors, and the second inc
A clump of just a few thousand brain cells, no bigger than a mustard seed, controls the daily ebb and flow of most bodily processes in mammals sleep/wake cycles, most notably. Now, Johns Hopkins scientists report direct evidence in mice for how those cell clusters control sleep and relay light cues about night and day throughout the body.