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A contemporary depiction of the First Vatican Council. / public domainDenver Newsroom, Oct 15, 2022 / 10:00 am (CNA).The First Vatican Council, held in 1869 and 1870 and left unfinished due to the capture of Rome, is regarded as the forerunner of Vatican II and is best known for its definition of papal infallibility.The historian Father Philip Hughes wrote of Vatican I as "the most striking evidence … as to the Church s essential independence of all but the grace of her divine Founder and her divine Guide."Vatican I s context was the upheaval of the French Revolution, as the product of the enlightenment, and the subsequent liberalism of the 19th century. It was called by Blessed Pius IX.The council produced two documents: Dei Filius, a dogmatic constitution on the Catholic faith, and Pastor aeternus, a first dogmatic constitution on the Church of Christ.Dei FiliusDei Filius affirmed the value of reason and its rights in the realm of religion, teaching, for example, that God

Vatican cityUnited statesHoly seePhilip hughesCardinal joseph ratzingerJohn henry newmanCouncil of trentHoly mother churchCatholic churchOld catholic churchHis churchChurch as corpus ecclesiarumSecond vatican councilVatican councilCollege of bishopsFirst vatican council