of salzburg studied ten matches involving the team red bull salzburg prior to lockdown and ten matches after lockdown to get their surprising findings. dr fabio richlan is co author of the study and a sports psychologist at the university of salzburg. good to talk to you. this is a bit counterintuitive, because he would think that the fans would drive players on and motivate them and get them going. players on and motivate them and get them anoin. , ., , players on and motivate them and get them anoin. , . , ., , them going. yes, that s actually the case. what them going. yes, that s actually the me what we them going. yes, that s actually the case. what we found them going. yes, that s actually the case. what we found was them going. yes, that s actually the case. what we found was that - them going. yes, that s actually the case. what we found was that they l case. what we found was that they were just less emotional situations in these games behind closed doors and there wer
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COVID Booster
COVID-19 commemorated with postage stamps
Around the world, countries make special postage stamps to recognise important events or raise money for charities. COVID-19 has inspired 68 commemorative postage stamps so far, according to an article published in
JAMA.
The stamps are from 21 different countries, with the United Nations contributing six non-national stamps as well. The first stamp was commissioned in Iran on 17 March 2020.
Nearly a third of the stamps (21) feature healthcare workers, while 14 show the virus, 12 show scientists, 11 show soldiers and seven show patients.
“All the images reflect a sentiment of global solidarity; mass public health efforts; and the hope of overcoming this new medical, scientific, and human challenge,” conclude the authors.
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Players, staff and officials engaged in shorter and less extensive emotional behaviour and interactions, such as arguments and discussions in games played during the 2020 Covid-19 pandemic, when supporters were absent. The findings are presented in a case study of 20 FC Redbull Salzburg championship group games published in Humanities and Social Sciences Communications.
Michael Leitner, the first author of the study said: During the COVID-19 pandemic the Austrian Bundesliga - like many other European football leagues - resumed the season around the end of May 2020 without supporters in the stadiums. These so-called ghost games represent a unique and unprecedented opportunity to study the effects of (missing) audiences on the behaviour and experience of sports professionals.