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Well-known Wellingborough Sainsbury s worker s sadness at leaving job after ongoing health issues causing him  unbearable pain

Well-known Wellingborough Sainsbury s worker s sadness at leaving job after ongoing health issues causing him  unbearable pain
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ɑO-Conotoxin GeXIVA isomers modulate N-type calcium (CaV2 2) channels by Arsalan Yousuf, Xiaosa Wu et al

αO-Conotoxin GeXIVA is a 28 amino acid peptide derived from the venom of the marine snail Conus generalis. The presence of four cysteine residues in the structure of GeXIVA allows it to have three different disulfide isomers, that is, the globular, ribbon or bead isomer. All three isomers are active at α9α10 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, with the bead isomer, GeXIVA[1,2], being the most potent and exhibiting analgesic activity in animal models of neuropathic pain. The original report of GeXIVA activity failed to observe any effect of the isomers on high voltage-activated (HVA) calcium channel currents in rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. In this study, we report, for the first time, the activity of globular GeXIVA[1,3] at G protein-coupled GABAB receptors (GABABR) inhibiting HVA N-type calcium (Cav2.2) channels and reducing membrane excitability in mouse DRG neurons. The inhibition of HVA Ba2+ currents and neuroexcitability by GeXIVA[1,3] was partially reversed by the sel

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Spider Venom Peptide Pn3a Inhibition of Primary Afferent High Voltage- by Jeffrey R McArthur, Nehan R Munasinghe et al

Despite potently inhibiting the nociceptive voltage-gated sodium (Na ) channel, Na 1.7, µ-theraphotoxin Pn3a is antinociceptive only upon co-administration with sub-therapeutic opioid agonists, or by itself at doses >3,000-fold greater than its Na 1.7 IC by a yet undefined mechanism. Na channels are structurally related to voltage-gated calcium (Ca ) channels, Ca 1 and Ca 2. These channels mediate the high voltage-activated (HVA) calcium currents (I ) that orchestrate synaptic transmission in nociceptive dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons and are fine-tuned by opioid receptor (OR) activity. Using whole-cell patch clamp recording, we found that Pn3a (10 µM) inhibits ∼55% of rat DRG neuron HVA-I and 60–80% of Ca 1.2, Ca 1.3, Ca 2.1, and Ca 2.2 mediated currents in HEK293 cells, with no inhibition of Ca 2.3. As a major DRG I component, Ca 2.2 inhibition by Pn3a (IC = 3.71 ± 0.21 µM) arises from an 18 mV hyperpolarizing shift in the voltage dependence of inactivation. We ob

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