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A genome by itself is like a recipe without a chef - full of important information, but in need of interpretation. So, even though we have sequenced genomes of our nearest extinct relatives - the Neanderthals and the Denisovans - there remain many unknowns regarding how differences in our genomes actually lead to differences in physical traits. When we re looking at archaic genomes, we don t have all the layers and marks that we usually have in samples from present-day individuals that help us interpret regulation in the genome, like RNA or cell structure, said David Gokhman, a postdoctoral fellow in biology at Stanford University.
A new perspective on the genomes of archaic humans
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One of the best ways to study human evolution is by comparing us with nonhuman species that, evolutionarily speaking, are closely related to us. That closeness can help scientists narrow down precisely what makes us human, but that scope is so narrow it can also be extremely hard to define. To address this complication, researchers from Stanford University have developed a new technique for comparing genetic differences.
Through two separate sets of experiments with this technique, the researchers discovered new genetic differences between humans and chimpanzees. They found a significant disparity in the expression of the gene SSTR2 - which modulates the activity of neurons in the cerebral cortex and has been linked, in humans, to certain neuropsychiatric diseases such as Alzheimer s dementia and schizophrenia - and the gene EVC2, which is related to facial shape. The results were published March 17 in
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Despite being one of the world s most charismatic species, tigers face uncertain futures primarily due to habitat fragmentation, human-wildlife conflict and poaching. As global tiger populations decline, so does their genetic diversity. But until now it s been unclear how the animals dwindling numbers are affecting them at the genetic level.
To find out, researchers at Stanford University, the National Centre for Biological Sciences, India, and various zoological parks and NGOs sequenced 65 genomes from four of the surviving tiger subspecies. Their findings confirmed that strong genetic differences exist between different tiger subspecies but showed, surprisingly, that these differences emerged relatively recently, as Earth underwent a major climatic shift and our own species grew increasingly dominant.
responses to robert mueller are in line with what michael cohen says. michael cohen says he was negotiating with dmitri petrov and an assistant of his and that candidate trump didn t tell us. do you feel that s appropriate? i don t know whether that s appropriate or not, because i haven t heard more details about this. i will just say, though, that what mr. cohen was doing and mr. trump was doing are two different thing. we need to find out about it. as you know, those interrogatories submitted to the president and he s answered, we have not seen, and maybe some day we will see, but i don t quite get what you re saying you don t know if it s appropriate or not. is it appropriate for a business associated with a candidate for president to be negotiating with the kremlin full stop? well, look, a company like
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