The original Hell Fire Club was founded in 1741 by the Duke of Wharton, a Knight of the Garter, the Earl of Lichfield and Lord Hillsborough. It was one .
The Greek revival style in Australian architecture and the reception of classical Greek ideas in Australia, Europe and globally, particularly in the built
The Grand Tour and the Global Landscape Tim Barringer
Fig. 1.
Rome from the Villa Madama by Richard Wilson (1714–1782), 1753. Oil on canvas, 37 5/8 by 52 ¼ inches.
Yale Center for British Art, Paul Mellon Collection.
During the eighteenth century, wealthy and privileged Britons, such as the group portrayed by Nathaniel Dance c. 1760 (Fig. 2), hastened south, to drink at the font of European civilization in Rome amid the ruins of an earlier empire, and to absorb the classics in literature and art. Habits of viewing the landscape that derived ultimately from the Grand Tour determined the ways British artists and travelers framed their visual experience of the rest of the world. The Grand Tour thus lies in the ancestry of what I will call “global landscape,” the art of the British Empire. In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, British artists traveled south first to Italy, and then to the Pacific, and then across the globe. Wherever they went, they envisaged the wor