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Weizmann Scientists Find That Bacteria May Aid Anti-Cancer Immune Response
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Published: January 21, 2021
Autophagy is a fundamental cellular process by which cells capture and degrade their own dysfunctional or superfluous components for degradation and recycling. Recent research has revealed that phase separated droplets have a range of important functions in cells. An international collaboration between German, Norwegian, and Japanese researchers has unravelled the mechanisms underpinning both how these droplets are captured through autophagy, as well as how droplets can serve as a platform from which structures facilitating cytosolic autophagy arise.
Autophagy eats portions of liquid droplets in cells
A liquid droplet made of phase-separated proteins (magenta) can associate with autophagy membranes (green). In this paper, it was shown that the droplet-membrane interaction depends on wetting and is defined by the surface tension of the droplet. As autophagy membranes expand on the droplet surface, droplets of sufficiently low surface tension are unable
Study sheds new light on immune system interactions with cancer
Cancers like melanoma are hard to treat, not least because they have a varied bag of tricks for defeating or evading treatments.
A combined research effort by scientists at the Weizmann Institute of Science and researchers in the Netherlands Cancer Institute in Amsterdam and the University of Oslo, Norway, shows exactly how tumors, in their battles to survive, will go so far as to starve themselves in order to keep the immune cells that would eradicate them from functioning.
The immunotherapies currently administered for melanomas work by removing obstacles that keep immune cells called T cells from identifying and killing tumor cells. Recent research suggested that in melanoma, another blocker could assist the T cells - this one to stop an enzyme called IDO1 that is overproduced by the cancer cells.
Study shows how melanomas assist T cells from identifying and killing tumor cells
Cancers like melanoma are hard to treat, not least because they have a varied bag of tricks for defeating or evading treatments.
Now, a combined research effort by the Weizmann Institute of Science, the Netherlands Cancer Institute in Amsterdam, and the University of Oslo shows exactly how tumors, in their fight to survive, will go so far as to starve themselves in order to keep the immune cells that would eradicate them from functioning. The work was published in
Nature.
The immunotherapies currently administered for melanomas work by removing obstacles that keep immune cells called T cells from identifying and killing tumor cells. Recent research suggested that, in melanoma, another blocker – one that stops IDO1, an enzyme that is overproduced by cancer cells – could also assist the T cells.
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