thank you very much for that kind introduction in bringing up this issue that is proving to be very timely and perhaps of increasing concern in the days ahead. before it began with my shortcome a brief presentation, the quick disclaimer. they have uziah reflecting today are my own and my personal views to not necessarily reflect the views of the congressional research service or the library of congress. what i would like to do for the time i have is to focus on this issue more from livia ne vietnamese perspective than looking at the u.s. aspects of it. and with that in mind what i would first like to do is talk about three particular elements of the issue, a little bit of a background on each of those issues and then talk a bit from the vietnamese perspective how this impacts on u.s. vietnam relations. .. has done a number of studies in vietnam will to try to determine where indeed it in remains and the environment and basically they came up with this concept of hotspots,