BBC News
By Paul Kirby & Laurence Peter
BBC News
image captionThe port of Rotterdam handles a vast quantity of UK goods traffic
After more than four years of negotiations the UK finally has a post-Brexit free trade deal with the EU.
It avoids leaving the EU s single market and customs union on 1 January under World Trade Organization (WTO) rules, which would have meant immediate tariffs and quotas.
But UK trade with the EU single market will still involve significant new barriers and costs in the form of extra paperwork and checks. Europeans exporting to the UK have spoken to the BBC about their concerns.