Objective To assess the associations between exposure to food additive emulsifiers and risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD).
Design Prospective cohort study.
Setting French NutriNet-Santé study, 2009-21.
Participants 95 442 adults (>18 years) without prevalent CVD who completed at least three 24 hour dietary records during the first two years of follow-up.
Main outcome measures Associations between intake of food additive emulsifiers (continuous (mg/day)) and risk of CVD, coronary heart disease, and cerebrovascular disease characterised using multivariable proportional hazard Cox models to compute hazard ratios for each additional standard deviation (SD) of emulsifier intake, along with 95% confidence intervals.
Results Mean age was 43.1 (SD 14.5) years, and 79.0% (n=75 390) of participants were women. During follow-up (median 7.4 years), 1995 incident CVD, 1044 coronary heart disease, and 974 cerebrovascular disease events were diagnosed. Higher intake of celluloses (E460
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The Balanced Labour Market Act (Wet arbeidsmarkt in balans) introduced separate rules for payrolling. Since January 1, 2020, Article 7:692 of the Dutch Civil Code defines a payroll contract as a temporary employment agency contract, where the contract for services between the employer and the hirer was not created for the purposes of bringing together supply and demand on the job market (the allocation function), and the employer may only make the employee available to a third party if the hirer approves of this. Payroll employees are