Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM), Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
Nature-based solutions (NBS) provide a promising means to a climate resilient future. To guide investments in NBS, stated preference studies have become a common tool to evaluate the benefits of NBS in developing countries. Due to subsistence lifestyles and generally lower incomes, SP studies in developing countries increasingly use time payments as an alternative to the traditionally implemented money payments. It remains unclear, however, how time values should be converted into money values, how the payment affects willingness to pay (WTP) estimates, and how this influence varies across settings with different levels of market integration. We compare the results of choice experiments that use either time or money payments and that are implemented in urban and rural Ghana. The choice experiments target to value different NBS aimed at erosion prevention and other ecosystem service benefits along t
Hyderabad: FDI Intelligence.com, a branch of the Financial Times Group, has named Hyderabad No. 1 in the third and newest edition of FDI's Aerospace Cities of the Future 2020-21 rankings, in the category of Top 10 Aerospace Cities in Cost-Effectiveness, according to IT and MAUD Minister KT Rama Rao. He said Telangana was rated third in the nation-wide Ease of Doing Business
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Question:
You are to prepare a preliminary report for the Australian Federal Government describing the benefits of an Enterprise Information Architecture Reference Architecture (EIA RA) for developing a national eVoting system.
Answer:
Introduction
Around 1400 ballots got missed in 2013, during the elections in Australia. This resulted in the re-run of elections in the nation which cost around $21 million and was considered as damage for the reputation of Australian Electoral Commission (AEC) (Poloni, 2015). The entire investigation regarding the ballot missing was carried out by the Joint Standing Committee on Electoral Matters and in its investigation it was founded that the reason behind the missing of ballot slips is the physical transportation of ballot slips to the counting centre in Perth. To rectify the problems that are faced during the election, the committee suggested 24 recommendations to the AEC in its report (Connolly, 2004). This report consists of several improv
Portugal
Towards measuring their progress This report proposes a taxonomy of policy design features for agri-environmental payment schemes, with a focus on those features that are conducive to policy cost-effectiveness. An application of the taxonomy to all agri-environmental payment schemes in six countries (Argentina, Australia, Estonia, Finland, Korea, and Portugal) reveals that more than 70% of 85 agri-environmental payment schemes have some of these key design features, including establishment of baselines; rates based on estimated or actual implementation costs; inspections and penalties; contract flexibility; and technical assistance. That said, at least 80% of the schemes could be improved, including by: use of cost-effectiveness