sturgeon quite rightly said, even with those policy statements in scotland, they are behind where they need to be in terms of carbon dioxide reduction targets. and in many other countries, the situation is far worse. we knew from the paris climate agreement in 2015 what we needed to do. reduce greenhouse gas emissions to a level that keeps global temperatures to within1.5 degrees of what they were in 1850. all the pledges that were lined up in paris when you collectively added them together and assuming they were implemented in full, would leave temperatures, global temperatures three degrees warmer by 2100 so no where near where they need to be. in subsequent years, we have seen raised ambition and that is good, but still not enough. no where near enough to meet the 1.5 degrees target and here we are, on the next big cop target and here we are, on the next big cop meeting in glasgow, where we absolutely need to see firm action