THIS is the best definition for “value-chain”––”A value-chain is a step-by-step business model for transforming a product or service from idea to reality. Value-chains help increase a business’s [or a country’s] efficiency so the business [or country] can deliver the most value for the least possible cost.”
Countries with outstanding value-chain policies are Singapore, South Korea, Iceland [all with little resources] and China. Malaysia and Sabah have not done well