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由于新冠肺炎疫情打击，继近年出现的「美国衰落论」和「美国过度衰落论」的辩论后，美国近月又开始出现「痉挛论」（convulsionism）论述。本文尝试梳理美国社会正在经历的「道德痉挛」危机的历史轨迹和深层面向，进而探讨其文化根由，并研判未来发展。
10月初，美国《大西洋》（The Atlantic）杂志出版题为《美国正患有道德痉挛》（America Is Having a
Moral
Convulsion）的文章，剖析当前美国政治和制度信心危机的发展周期、不同面向和历史根由。作为结合历史社会学、心理学和政治学的跨科际理论，「道德痉挛论」指一个社会正经历着普遍性文化失序局面，导致社会撕裂、衝突，甚至内战。身处其中的民众因而对政府和各种现存制度极度不信任，使得国家和社会各领域陷于不断失控抽搐的状态。而且，由于国家和社会痉挛自我复原需
A Tory MP has hit back at campaigners who want him to pay reparations to Barbados over slave deaths at a Barbados plantation his ancestors ran from 1640 to 1836.
They are demanding South Dorset MP Richard Drax pay money to the people of Jamaica and Barbados for damages done by slavery at the 621-acre estate worth an estimated £4.7million he inherited.
Slavery at the plantation ended in 1836 and it has been operated as a farm by the family since, passing ownership of the down through the generations.
Mr Drax said: I am keenly aware of the slave trade in the West Indies, and the role my very distant ancestor played in it is deeply, deeply regrettable.
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