In the hurricane nursery off the western African coast, 80 percent of the Atlantic’s most destructive tropical cyclones have formed. Saharan dust can be a
Hurricane Bret formed off West Africa during a period of low Saharan dust. It s another example of how Sahara dust can smother a hurricane or allow it to grow. Will climate change affect this process? Some scientists say global warming will reduce dust, allowing tropical storms to grow. Others say climate change will generate more dust. The fates of millions on the East Coast hang in the balance.
Christian Junge (1912–1996) is considered by many to be the founder of the modern discipline of atmospheric chemistry. In studies from the 1950s through the 1970s, Junge was able to link chemical measurements in a few scattered locations around the earth and integrate them with meteorology to develop the first global view of the basic chemical and physical processes that control the sources, transport, transformations, and fate of particles and gases in the atmosphere. In this paper we summarize and comment upon a number of Junge’s seminal research contributions to atmospheric chemistry, including his discovery of the stratospheric sulfate layer (known as the Junge layer), his recognition of the relationship between the variability of the concentrations of trace gases and their atmospheric lifetimes, his studies of aerosol size and number distributions, his development of the first quantitative model of tropospheric ozone, and other significant scientific investigations. We also di
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